December 28, 2023
French President Emmanuel Macron has outlined a comprehensive strategy to address global challenges. We must not let conflicts in Ukraine and Gaza divert attention from global priorities: reducing greenhouse gas emissions, achieving carbon neutrality by 2050, preserving biodiversity, and tackling poverty and inequality. France is implementing this strategy internationally through initiatives like the Paris Pact for People and the Planet. Developed economies, major CO2 emitters, must transition away from fossil fuels, with a focus on ending coal use by 2030. Emerging economies, significant coal consumers, need accelerated support for renewable and nuclear energy. Financial mechanisms, including green interest rates and climate clauses in trade agreements, should align with climate goals. Vulnerable countries require innovative fiscal and monetary policies for climate action. France has already mobilized over $100 billion for climate and pandemic efforts in these nations. Governance mechanisms for global challenges, such as water access, need attention, and a One Water Summit is planned for 2024. The bio-economy should be built to compensate countries preserving vital carbon and biodiversity reserves. The voluntary carbon market needs reform for international exchanges based on stringent criteria. The ocean, a crucial carbon sink, requires protection, and France will host the United Nations Ocean Conference in 2025. To succeed in the green transition globally, reforms of institutions like the World Bank and IMF are essential, addressing governance imbalances and funding gaps. The review of Bretton Woods governance is crucial for equal participation in financing global public goods.