Germany creates mushroom-based insulation boards

September 21, 2025

Researchers in Germany are pioneering mushroom-based insulation boards that could provide a compostable, low-carbon alternative to synthetic building materials—while also capturing carbon during production.

The project, called Mycobuild, is led by the Institute for Circular Economy of Bio:Polymers (ibp) at Hof University of Applied Sciences. Its goal is to scale mycelium-based insulation from lab experiments to full industrial production by 2026.

Why fungal insulation matters

Conventional insulation relies on mineral or synthetic materials, which are energy-intensive to produce and carry a heavy environmental footprint. Mycelium boards, on the other hand:

• Store CO₂ naturally.
• Require less energy to manufacture.
• Are compostable at end of life.
• Can be shaped flexibly for industrial use.

“Fungal networks offer numerous advantages over fossil-based materials,” explained project leader Dr. Robert Honke. “They are sustainable, scalable, and significantly reduce environmental impact.”

How mycelium boards are made

The process begins with local plant residues such as dry straw, which serve as the substrate. Scientists add selected fungi, allowing the mycelium to grow through the substrate, binding it into a solid composite.

After a few days, the material is dried and heated to inactivate the fungus and stabilize the structure. Researchers note that strict sterile conditions are crucial to prevent contamination.

Dr. Katharina Wellmanns, a research associate on the project, highlighted the challenge:

“The substrate must contain enough nutrients for growth but not so much sugar that it promotes unwanted mold.”

Overcoming moisture and durability challenges

To ensure the material meets construction industry standards, the team is testing its thermal conductivity, strength, and water resistance. A key innovation has been adding a mineral top layer, developed with building materials firm Johann Bergmann GmbH & Co. KG.

This coating improves strength and reduces moisture risks. Researchers aim to achieve fully waterproof mycelium boards, eliminating concerns about mold in real-world applications.

Choosing the right mushrooms

Native species such as oyster mushrooms, honeydew, fox bolete, and giant mushrooms are under study. Oyster mushrooms are especially promising due to their fast growth and dense network formation, making them ideal for building materials.

Still, public perception remains a barrier. “Some people are skeptical about using fungi in their homes, fearing mold problems,” Honke admitted. “But our process stabilizes the material and prevents such risks.”

Backed by Germany’s green innovation program

The Mycobuild project is supported by Germany’s DATIpilot program, which funds cutting-edge sustainability research. If successful, mycelium insulation could reshape how buildings are constructed—cutting emissions, reducing waste, and creating a circular economy for construction materials.