May 15, 2023
From the outside, the Manhattan high-rise looks like any other luxury building: A doorman greets visitors in a lobby adorned with tapestry and marble. Yet the basement has a set of equipment seen almost nowhere else in the world. To reduce emissions, the owners have installed twisting pipes and tanks that collect carbon dioxide from the building's massive, gas-fired boilers. The goal is to stop carbon dioxide, a climate-warming gas, from entering the atmosphere. In such a vertical city, it's impossible to address climate change without tackling emissions from buildings. So building owners must make dramatic cuts starting next year or face escalating fines under a new law which affects some 50,000 structures—more than half the buildings in the city. Other cities such as Boston and Denver passed similar laws. To comply, some property managers are installing carbon capture systems, which strip out carbon dioxide, direct it into tanks and prepare it for sale to make carbonated beverages or soap. In this case, the carbon dioxide is sold to a concrete manufacturer in Brooklyn. "Time is not on our side, and this type of solution can be installed quickly, cost-effectively and without a major disruption," said Brian Asparro, chief operating officer of CarbonQuest, which built the system. Critics say buildings should be switched to electricity instead. "Carbon capture doesn't actually reduce emissions; it seeks to put them somewhere else," said Anthony Rogers-Wright, director of environmental justice at New York Lawyers for the Public Interest. It's unclear whether carbon capture will be recognized by New York City as a qualifying emissions reduction; the city has not decided. Capturing the culprit In the Manhattan building's basement, two 500-horsepower boilers rumble, burning natural gas and releasing carbon dioxide. The boilers produce roughly half the building's emissions. The other half are generated at power plants where the building buys electricity. The carbon capture system, Asparro said, is trapping about 60% of the boilers' emissions. "Boilers like this are installed everywhere, in schools and hospitals around the world," Asparro said. Carbon dioxide and other gases flow from the boilers over a special material that separates out the carbon dioxide in a system that occupies two former parking spaces. Then it's compressed and cooled to minus-10 degrees Fahrenheit (minus-23 Celsius), turning it to liquid. Pipes lead to spigots outside the building, where a truck loads up with the liquefied CO2 and takes it to a concrete manufacturer in Brooklyn. The apartment building is trying to reduce energy in other ways, too, said Josh London, senior vice president at Glenwood Management Corp. It has computerized motors, fans and pumps, LED lighting and battery storage. The company plans to install carbon capture systems in five more buildings this year. Nearly 70% of New York City's large buildings have steam boilers like these that run on natural gas or oil, according to NYC Accelerator. The city law requires all buildings over 25,000 square feet to reduce emissions. In Minnesota, Radisson Blu Mall of America, a hotel, has installed a system that captures carbon dioxide that's eventually used to make soap. Mineralizing into concrete Over in Brooklyn, the floor shakes as yellow machines churn at Glenwood Mason Supply Company Inc., a concrete maker unrelated to Glenwood Management Corp. Grey concrete blocks rattle down a conveyor under a din of metal gears and motors. A truck arrives with liquefied carbon dioxide and then, using equipment provided by a company called CarbonCure, it's compressed and turned into a solid.