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- Floods in the Russian Federation
Problems
Floods in the Russian Federation
In the Russian Federation, the threat of flooding from floods exists for more than 40 large cities and several thousand other settlements. The territory of Russia, with an area of about 500 thousand hectares, is subject to periodic flooding from flood waters. In the last two decades, dangerous and catastrophic floods in Russia occurred in the Tobol basin, on the Northern Dvina tributaries, the Pechora, the Trans-Volga and Primorsky Territories rivers, on the Lena, etc. For most Russian river basins, the main type of flood is associated with the melting of snow accumulated during the winter-spring flood. The duration of the formation of high water levels during floods ranges from several days to 1.5-2 months. It depends on factors such as the area and average slope of the surface of the river basin, the degree of forest coverage of the territory and the area occupied by swamps, the type of soil cover, and others. The greatest danger of flooding when water availability is equal to or less than 10% is represented by territories in the river basin. Don, as well as between the Don and Volga rivers. An intensive release of water onto the floodplain is observed here once every five years. With a probability of exceeding the supply equal to 1%, a catastrophic flood can form, the maximum of which can be 7 times higher than the average long-term maximum water flow. A great danger is represented by floods that occur due to the formation of ice jams during the ice cover establishment in the fall (rare in Russia) or the destruction of ice on the river in the spring during high water. Floods are also caused by intense rainfall. In some river mouth areas, floods occur due to water surges from the sea. An example of this type of flood would be the floods on the Neva River near St. Petersburg. In the 19th century, the authorities hid information about past floods not to create an atmosphere of fear. Thus, the catastrophic flood of 1824 became known only 6 days later from the newspapers. The most catastrophic floods on the Neva associated with surges were recorded in 1777, 1824, 1924, and 1955. Surge floods on the Neva are recorded in any season of the year, but the most dangerous occurs in the fall.
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14Timelines
2024
April 24
The water level in the Ishim River near the village of Abatskoye in the Tyumen region has risen by more than two meters in one day. At 08:00, its level is 1121 cm. The critical point of 960 cm is left behind. 20:49 During the day, the water level increased the most in Ishim in Abatsky and Vikulovo. It is 1154 and 605 centimeters, respectively. Tobol added 15 centimeters in the Ievlevo area and 14 centimeters in the Korkino and Uporovo areas. Tavda in the Nizhnyaya Tavda region added 12 centimeters. The flood in Russia reached Chelyabinsk. The roads were completely flooded. Petropavl in northern Kazakhstan has also been badly affected by flooding from the Ishim river. Several rivers flow back and forth between the two countries.
April 23
In the evening, heavy rains in the Russian Black Sea region caused a local river overflowing its banks. Since the flood, 1,500 people have been evacuated from the Novomikhailovsky district, 600 houses have been flooded, and more than 11 thousand people have been left without electricity. Four people have died as a result of flash floods in Russia's Black Sea region.
April 22
Russia's worst flooding in decades has swamped Soviet-era uranium mines in the Kurgan region, the investigative news agency reported, raising fears that radioactive and chemical contamination could seep into the Tobol River. The state atomic energy agency Rosatom, whose subsidiary operates mines at the Dobrovolnoye uranium deposit, denies that its mining facilities were damaged by flooding. As a result, environmentalists said the latest flooding could have released radioactive substances into the river, potentially affecting hundreds of thousands of people living near the banks of the Tobol downstream. Local environmentalists said "radioactive sludge" had been accumulating in the mines for years. At the same time, authorities ignored numerous public protests against continued uranium mining in the area, which is prone to spring floods from the Tobol River. Given that uranium, like other heavy metals, is radioactive and toxic, its presence in a river used for drinking water can pose a threat even in small concentrations.
April 16
In Russia's Orenburg region, water levels in the Ural River in Orsk continue to decrease rapidly. Still, more than 3,000 houses remain flooded there, the press service of the Russian Emergency Situations Ministry's regional branch told journalists. One of the dam breaches through which water was pouring out was fixed near the Stary Gorod neighborhood in Orsk. The houses that remain flooded in Orsk include 74 apartment buildings, the press service for the Orenburg region's governor said. As many as 2,557 people, including 801 children, have been evacuated. 636 people, including 88 children, stay at five temporary accommodation centers. The flood is currently headed towards the Ilek district, southwest of Orenburg.
April 13
The water level in Orenburg continued to rise as a deluge from heavy rains and snowmelt accelerated by unseasonably warm temperatures forced mass evacuations in southern Russia and neighboring Kazakhstan. The Ural River reached record levels in Orenburg, a city of half a million people, where the water rose to 11.71 meters on April 13 from 11.43 meters on April 12 -- more than 2 meters above the critical mark of 9.3 meters, according to regional Governor Denis Paler. Local publication Ural56 reported that the river near Orenburg had risen again, reaching 11.8 meters, although local authorities have not yet confirmed the latest figures. The governor's press service reported that 17,203 households were flooded and 13,194 people had been evacuated as of 9 a.m. on April 13. Due to the power grid disruption, water services were cut off in the city. Videos appeared to show members of the public demanding water at shops in the city and long lines were seen in front of trucks delivering water on the streets.
April 07
The refinery's work was suspended due to flooding after the second dam broke in Orsk, Russia, and the water has already reached another large city - Orenburg. The head of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation stated that the situation in Orsk is "critical." Right now, people continue to be evacuated from flooded houses. The head of the Ministry of Emergency Situations also proposed to "temporarily ban the sale of alcohol in areas of flooding in Orsk." Orsknefteorgsintez, the only oil refinery in the Orenburg region, has also suspended work there to avoid an environmental disaster.
April 06
The Investigative Committee of Russia opened a criminal case due to a dam break in Orsk, Orenburg Region. The case was initiated under the articles “violation of security” and “negligence.” In the evening, the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations press service reported another breach of the embankment dam in Orsk, resulting in several more areas falling into the flood zone. “Another burst of an embankment dam occurred in Orsk. The possible flooding zone includes areas in the village of Stroiteley, Nikel, Lesotorgovy, and Borisoglebsky Street,” the report says. About 600 houses on nine streets are flooded, and water continues to flow into the old part of the city of Orsk, reports the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations. The level of the Ural River as of Saturday morning is 9.27 meters, which is more than 2 meters above the danger level, the head of Orsk said. Half of the Old City was flooded. The water level is rising rapidly.
April 05
Late in the evening in the city of Orsk in the Orenburg region, a dam broke on the Ural River after a record release of water from the reservoir. Authorities asked residents of areas threatened by flooding to evacuate urgently. The head of the city warned that the water would go away no sooner than in a week and a half. A state of emergency was introduced throughout the region.
April 04
Local media reported that the water level in the Ural River, on which Orsk stands, has risen sharply, causing a record water release from the Iriklinsky reservoir.
2023
August 11
From August 9 to 11, in the south of Primorye, due to Typhoon Hanun, heavy rains occurred, which caused a rise in water levels in rivers and flooding in the region's municipalities. Due to unfinished construction, the dam broke and flooded Ussuriysk. A state of emergency at the federal level was introduced in the region. More than 5,000 homes suffered serious damage. More than 44,000 residents of the Primorsky Territory were affected.
2019
July
In the Irkutsk region, the second wave of floods began at the end of July. The natural disaster affected 135 settlements, 12,291 household plots, 23 road bridges, and 56 sections of roads. 26 people were killed (including a child), and four were missing.
June 25
Floods began in the Irkutsk region due to heavy rains that coincided with snow melting in the Eastern Sayan mountains. 11 municipalities were flooded. One of the most affected was the city of Tulun, in the area of which the water of the Iya River overcame the dam.
2016
August 29
The Primorsky Territory was hit by Typhoon Lionroc, which came from the Sea of Japan after a powerful cyclone. It was the most destructive in the previous 40 years. Three months of precipitation fell in the region in just a few days. In the region, 170 settlements and more than 15,000 households were flooded.
2014
May
At the end of May, a sharp increase in water levels occurred on the rivers of the Altai Territory due to two months of precipitation that fell in two weeks. The worst flood in 50 years affected the Altai Territory, Gorny Altai, the Republic of Khakassia, and the Republic of Tyva. 17,000 residential buildings were in the flood zone, about 47,000 people were injured, seven died, and more than 41,000 evacuated. A state of emergency at the federal level was in effect in the region for a month. Then, it was replaced by a regional-level emergency regime, which lasted about three more months.
2013
September
From May to September, more than the annual precipitation norm fell on the Trans-Baikal Territory territory, the Jewish Autonomous Region, Yakutia, the Amur Region, the Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories. Spring floods flooded 366 settlements in 67 municipalities. 13,667 residential buildings with a population of more than 100,000 people were flooded. One serviceman died during the work to eliminate the consequences of the flood; there were no casualties among the population.
2012
July 06
In the Krasnodar Territory, a five-month norm of precipitation fell in a few hours. On the night of July 7, severe flooding flooded 7,200 residential buildings in Gelendzhik, Krymsk, Novorossiysk, and several villages in the region. 172 people died, 153 of them in Krymsk and the Krymsky region.
2010
October 16
In the Krasnodar Territory, heavy rains raised the level of mountain rivers, flooding 30 settlements in the Tuapse and Apsheron regions and near Sochi. 17 people became victims of the disaster, and more than 5.1 thousand were injured.
A protective embankment dam was implemented to protect the route and strengthen the river bank.
2004
April
In the Kemerovo region, a flood occurred due to a rise in the level of the local rivers Kondoma, Tom, and their tributaries. The natural disaster also struck the Altai Territory and the Republic of Khakassia. In total, 10,000 houses were flooded in the region. 16 people died.
2002
August 08
Due to heavy rains and tornadoes emerging from the Black Sea, the worst flood in the history of Novorossiysk occurred. As a result, 62 people died. About 8,000 residential buildings were damaged.
June
Due to the rains, rivers overflowed their banks in nine regions of southern Russia, including Kuban, Laba, Belaya, Urup, and Sunzha. 114 people became victims, and in total, more than 380 thousand were injured. 13 thousand residential buildings were destroyed, and more than 41 thousand were damaged.
2001
July 07
In the Irkutsk region, due to heavy rains, several rivers overflowed their banks and flooded seven cities and 13 districts (63 settlements in total). Sayansk suffered especially. According to official data, eight people died, 300 thousand people were injured, and 4,635 houses were flooded.
May 12
Lensk in Yakutia was almost completely flooded due to flooding, which led to the death of 8 people. 5,162 houses were flooded. In total, over 43 thousand people suffered from the flood in Yakutia.
1998
May 16
Yakutia faced the most significant flood in its history, which was popularly called the “Lena Flood.” Near Lensk, two ice jams on the Lena River caused the water to rise by 11 m. As a result, in the first days, more than 98% of the territory of Lensk was underwater. In total, more than 3,000 houses were destroyed and 15 died.
1994
August 07
In Bashkiria, the dam of the Tirlyansk reservoir broke and an abnormal discharge of 8.6 million cubic meters occurred. m of water. 29 people died, and 786 were left homeless. There were 4 settlements in the flood zone, and 85 residential buildings were destroyed.
1993
June 14
In the Sverdlovsk region, near Serov, the Kiselevskaya soil dam on the Kakva River collapsed due to rain floods. 1,550 houses were washed away, the city of Serov was flooded, and 15 people died.
19 districts of the Orenburg region were flooded. The maximum water level in the Ural River near Orenburg was 9 meters 74 centimeters. Water entered 6,456 residential buildings. 203 residential buildings, 58 dams, and 32 highway bridges were destroyed. 134.6 kilometers of roads and 108 checkpoints have been washed away. 225 production facilities were damaged and destroyed, 9.6 thousand hectares of fertile soil were washed away, and over 50 thousand tons of feed were destroyed. The water intake in Mednogorsk, which supplies 40 thousand residents with water, has failed. Water also entered 42 thousand garden plots.
1990
July
Primorsky Krai faced the devastating typhoon Robin. Within a few days, rainfall exceeded the two-month norm, and the rivers in the region became saturated with rainwater, causing widespread flooding. The Vladivostok and Bolshoi Kamen cities were seriously damaged, and the Khasansky and Nadezhdinsky districts were almost destroyed. Over 800,000 people were in the disaster zone, 730 residential buildings were destroyed, 11 schools, 5 kindergartens and nurseries, 56 shops, and 26 road bridges were flooded and partially destroyed.
1987
The floods that arose due to heavy rains in the Chita region were characterized by extraordinary intensity and duration, simultaneously covering almost all areas of the region. Flooding of 16 districts, including the Chernyshevsk station, the village of Bukachach, and 50 villages, caused damage to 1,500 houses, 59 bridges, and 149 km of roads.
1972
The flood in Buryatia in 1971, caused by heavy rains, also had serious consequences: a rise in the water level on the Selenga River to almost 8 meters led to the flooding of 57 settlements in 6 regions, the destruction of more than 3,000 houses and damage of 47 million dollars.
1957
April
Flooding occurred in Orsk when the level of the Ural River reached 9 meters 75 centimeters. The same values were achieved earlier in 1942. Almost all the streets of the Old City were flooded. The population was transported in amphibious vehicles and pontoon boats. Helicopters also evacuated people and delivered food, equipment, and drinking water.
1942
The largest flood occurred in the Orenburg region. This flood was one of the largest in its destructive power. The water level in the Ural River was 9 meters 75 centimeters. There has never been such a huge discharge of water from Irikla. Overnight from 890, it increased to 1672 cubic meters. m./s. Water entered the Jonathan collective farm barn and flooded about 500 centners of bread. In the village of Ala-Baital, 65 households were flooded. Collective farmers and property were taken to higher ground. In the village of Gavrilovka, two bridges on the Koshkul and Pogromny ravines were demolished.
1924
September 23
Leningrad experienced one of the most destructive floods in its history: the water level in the river rose by almost 4 meters, which led to significant destruction and consequences.
1922
March
There was a flood in Orsk. On March 17, the level of the Urals was 153 cm. The maximum increase on March 27 per day was 5 centimeters. On other days, the river added 1, 2, or 3 cm or lost them. On March 28, the level of the Urals was 157 cm. The water level in the Elshanka River, flowing through Orsk, rose sharply, which came as a surprise to both the administration and city residents. The river overflowed its banks. In the Northern microdistrict, water partially flooded the roads and reached private houses. The water also flooded several bridges downstream and reached the very center, of Parkovaya Square. In addition, traffic in the Zelenkhoz area was limited due to flooding roads, and the village of Rabochiy was underwater.
1908
The flood in Moscow was one of the most serious in the city's history; an increase in the water level in the Moscow River by 8.9 meters caused colossal destruction.